KnotesFree Orthopaedic & FRCS notes, viva stations and higher order SBAs

Proximal tibia

Must KnowTraumathinKbox SBA

Talk

  • I see AP views of rt Knee X ray and CT shows a depressed fracture of lateral tibial condyle. I would like to know the mechanism of injury and age of patient
  • In high velocity injury I will approach the patient using ATLS protocol. After ruling out life threatening injuries, I will ensure that the injury is closed isolated and the limb is neurovascularly intact and will assess the soft tissue injury for dee abrasions, crushing and compartment syndrome
  • I would like to see the lateral view.I will give adequate analgesia and give a back slab if there is no significant soft tissue injury, compartment syndrome or NV injury
  • I want to see the Reconstruction view of tibia ct to assess the fracture pattern, articular surface and occult fracture lines not visible in the xray
  • Significant articular step off and widening of proximal tibia suggests that operative treatment is warranted and I will discuss this with the patient
  • Operative treatment require preoperative assessment of
    • Soft tissue envelope
    • NV status
    • Fracture pattern
    • State of the ligaments

Operative treatment

  • Principle is to restore the articular surface with step off <3mm and widening <5mm and align and stabilise the fracture to the mechanical axis so as to allow early ROM exercises
  • Reduction can be achieved by direct or indirect means and fixed by percut/open means. My preferred method of reduction for this fracture is by opening a window distally and reducing the fracture by indirect means and fill the gap with BG substitute and fix with raft screws
  • The fixation is protected by buttress plating and assess the state of ligaments and fixation using fluoroscopy and arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy

  • Indication
    • assess reduction
    • impingement
    • ligament injury
  • risk
    • soft tissue extravasation
    • compartment syndrome
    • do not use pressure pump

rehab

  • assessment of wt bearing
    • fracture pattern and stability
    • strength of fixation
    • quality of bone
    • status of ligaments

Written/reviewed by Kishore Puthezhath

Professor of Orthopaedics and Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon

FRCS (Tr & Orth) revision resource

Reviewed: September 2026