KnotesFree Orthopaedic & FRCS notes, viva stations and higher order SBAs

Consent and radiation

Must KnowApplied Basic SciencesthinKbox SBA

Radiation ALARA

  • As Low As Reasonably Achievable
  • Time
  • Distance : inverse square law
  • Shield
  • Validity: Voluntarily given by
    • Patient > 18
    • Patient 16-18 Gillick competence
    • Person with parental responsibility <16
  • Capacity
  • Sufficency of information :SPIKE

Withdrawing/withholding Life Support

  • Continuing/providing life sustaining treatment stops providing benefit to a patient and is not clinically indicated
  • When in doubt resuscitate
  • A deliberate action to end patients life is unlawful

Written/reviewed by Kishore Puthezhath

Professor of Orthopaedics and Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon

FRCS (Tr & Orth) revision resource

Reviewed: September 2026