Definition
Osteocytes are mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that become embedded within mineralised bone matrix.
Location and network
- occupy lacunae
- communicate through canaliculi
- form an extensive cellular network connected by gap junctions
Functions
Mechanosensing
Osteocytes detect mechanical loading and influence bone formation and resorption in response to strain.
Regulation of remodelling
They regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity through signalling pathways including:
- sclerostin
- RANKL
- OPG-related pathways
Mineral homeostasis
Osteocytes contribute to calcium and phosphate regulation and interact with systemic hormonal pathways.
Clinical relevance
Reduced mechanical loading increases sclerostin signalling and favours bone loss. Mechanical loading suppresses sclerostin and promotes bone formation.
Diagram
