KnotesFree Orthopaedic & FRCS notes, viva stations and higher order SBAs

Growth prediction

High YieldPaediatric OrthopaedicsthinKbox SBA

Why prediction matters

Growth prediction is important when planning treatment for limb-length discrepancy, angular deformity and timing of guided growth or epiphysiodesis.

Estimating adult height

Simple clinical estimates include:

  • doubling height at approximately 2 years as a rough approximation
  • mid-parental height calculations

For greater accuracy, height can be plotted against age and skeletal maturity using validated growth charts and prediction methods.

Skeletal maturity assessment

Common approaches include:

  • hand and wrist bone age atlases
  • elbow-based skeletal maturity systems in younger children
  • Tanner–Whitehouse methods
  • assessment of puberty and growth velocity

Limb-length prediction methods

Green–Anderson charts

Estimate remaining growth at the distal femur and proximal tibia according to skeletal age.

Moseley straight-line graph

Uses serial measurements to predict discrepancy at maturity and timing of epiphysiodesis.

Multiplier method

Uses age-dependent multipliers to estimate final limb length and discrepancy.

Practical principles

Prediction is more reliable when based on:

  • repeated measurements
  • skeletal rather than chronological age when maturation is abnormal
  • clear knowledge of the cause of discrepancy
  • assessment of growth trend rather than a single measurement

Diagram

Growth prediction

Written/reviewed by Kishore Puthezhath

Professor of Orthopaedics and Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon

FRCS (Tr & Orth) revision resource

Reviewed: September 2026