KnotesFree Orthopaedic & FRCS notes, viva stations and higher order SBAs

Scaphoid fracture and non-union

High YieldHand & WristthinKbox SBA

Clinical importance

Scaphoid fractures can be missed and are at risk of non-union because of tenuous blood supply to the proximal pole.

Presentation

  • Fall onto the outstretched hand
  • Snuffbox tenderness
  • Pain on scaphoid tubercle palpation
  • Pain with axial loading of thumb may be present

Imaging

  • Dedicated scaphoid radiographs
  • MRI or CT if initial films are negative but suspicion remains

Treatment

  • Stable distal or waist fractures may be treated in cast or by fixation depending on pattern and patient needs
  • Displaced fractures usually need fixation

Non-union

May lead to SNAC wrist. Treatment depends on site, deformity, vascularity and arthritis, and may include bone grafting and fixation.

Diagram

Scaphoid fracture and non-union

Written/reviewed by Kishore Puthezhath

Professor of Orthopaedics and Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon

FRCS (Tr & Orth) revision resource

Reviewed: September 2026