KnotesFree Orthopaedic & FRCS notes, viva stations and higher order SBAs

Tarsal coalition

High YieldFoot & AnklethinKbox SBA

Definition

A tarsal coalition is an abnormal fibrous, cartilaginous or osseous connection between two or more tarsal bones due to failure of normal segmentation.

Common types

  • calcaneonavicular coalition
  • talocalcaneal coalition

Presentation

Symptoms commonly appear in late childhood or adolescence as the coalition becomes more rigid.

  • painful rigid flatfoot
  • recurrent ankle sprains
  • restricted subtalar motion
  • peroneal spasm in some cases

Imaging

  • weight-bearing radiographs
  • oblique view for calcaneonavicular coalition
  • CT defines osseous anatomy
  • MRI is useful for fibrous or cartilaginous coalition

Treatment

Non-operative

  • activity modification
  • NSAIDs
  • orthoses
  • short period of immobilisation for symptomatic flares

Operative

Coalition resection may be appropriate for persistent symptoms when adjacent joints are preserved. Arthrodesis is considered when coalition is extensive, deformity is severe or significant adjacent arthritis exists.

Reference

Written/reviewed by Kishore Puthezhath

Professor of Orthopaedics and Consultant Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon

FRCS (Tr & Orth) revision resource

Reviewed: September 2026